Automated Trading Desk

Founded in 1988, Automated Trading Desk (ATD) was a trailblazer in the field of automated and high-frequency trading. The firm operated as a technology-driven market maker, using proprietary algorithms and computer systems to provide liquidity for stocks listed on exchanges like NASDAQ and the NYSE. At its peak, ATD was one of the largest market makers, handling a significant percentage of daily trading volume. In 2007, it was acquired by Citigroup for approximately $680 million to enhance Citi's electronic trading capabilities. The firm operated as a subsidiary until its core technology and business were subsequently sold by Citigroup and integrated into Citadel Securities in 2016.